Navigating Asthma: Expert Advice From Dr. Scott Cyrus On Symptoms And Treatment

Asthma is a significant concern in the United States, affecting over 25 million people, with around 4.5 million of those being children. Pediatrician Dr. Scott Cyrus spoke with LeAnne Taylor about this prevalent respiratory condition and its impact on young patients.

Dr. Cyrus describes asthma as a chronic, inflammatory, and reversible airway disease, often compared to an allergy of the lungs. He explains that asthma causes inflammation that narrows the airways, leading to the characteristic wheezing sound. Unlike chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is irreversible, asthma symptoms can typically be managed and improved with the right medication.

The triggers for asthma are diverse and can include allergies, respiratory infections like Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and environmental factors such as pet dander. Dr. Cyrus points out that RSV, particularly in children under one year, increases the risk of developing asthma by 25%. Additionally, triggers such as dust, mold, and strong odors can exacerbate symptoms.

Management of asthma involves both immediate and long-term strategies. Rescue inhalers, such as albuterol, are crucial for quick relief during an asthma attack. For ongoing control, inhaled steroids are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and prevent attacks. In some cases, a combination of medications, including long-acting beta-agonists, may be necessary.

Dr. Cyrus said parents should be vigilant for symptoms of asthma in their children, which often include nighttime coughing, wheezing (especially during physical activity), and frequent respiratory infections. Asthma frequently coincides with other allergic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and rhinitis, forming a triad of atopic conditions.

Diagnosing asthma usually involves pulmonary function tests, where children blow into a machine to measure lung capacity and the speed of exhalation. A healthy child should be able to expel 85% of their lung air within one second. A lower percentage may indicate asthma.

Dr. Cyrus said long-term management of asthma in young children typically involves using inhaled steroids or nebulizers, which target the lungs directly and reduce the need for systemic steroids. Regular check-ups with a pediatrician or pulmonologist are essential to adjust treatment plans as needed. While some children may seem to outgrow asthma, it is important to periodically assess their condition to ensure proper management.