What are controlled & prescribed burns? Rules on when and how you can safely do them

Wildfire prevention is a major concern in Oklahoma, where wildfires can have devastating effects on communities, homes, and natural landscapes. Some of the most effective tools for managing wildfire risks are the use of controlled burns and prescribed burns.

Oklahoma law distinguishes a difference between a “Controlled Burn” and a “Prescribed Burn”. In Oklahoma, a controlled burn is any legally conducted burning of land cover while a prescribed burn is a legally defined controlled burn conducted within certain requirements.

These fires are intentionally set under carefully controlled conditions but can also fuel wildfires if done incorrectly. Here's what you should know about controlled and prescribed burns:

What are Controlled Burns and Prescribed burns?

A controlled burn is a fire intentionally set to manage vegetation. According to Oklahoma Forestry Services (OFS), controlled burns are conducted under specific weather conditions to minimize the risk of uncontrolled fires. These burns help reduce fuel loads, such as dead plants and underbrush, which can increase the intensity of wildfires.

Legally conducted prescribed burns by law are considered to be in the public interest, and are actually considered a property right of the property owner "if vegetative fuels are used," according to OFS.

Limited liability burning includes more specific requirements than lawfully controlled burning. Specifically, there is a notification process that needs to be completed.

A Prescribed Burning Plan template including the Notification Plan for private property can be accessed at: https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/printpublications/nrem/burn-plan-forprescribed- burning-nrem-2893.pdf

Why Controlled Burns Are Important

Controlled burns serve several key purposes in wildfire prevention. Clearing excess vegetation reduces the potential for larger, more destructive wildfires. According to Oklahoma Forestry Services, prescribed burning is one of the most effective tools for reducing the risk of wildfires. The burns also help improve the health of the land by promoting fire-resistant plants, enhancing wildlife habitats, and supporting the natural fire cycle, which many ecosystems depend on for renewal and growth.

**The Importance of Timing and Weather Conditions**

The success of a controlled burn depends on the right conditions. Oklahoma Forestry Services emphasizes that burns should only be conducted when the weather is favorable—mild winds and moderate temperatures. This ensures the fire stays contained and does not spread beyond the intended area. Controlled burns are typically conducted in the cooler months to minimize the risks of the fire becoming uncontrolled. Controlled burns should also be avoided during periods of increased wildfire danger, which can be identified by local fire conditions or warnings.

Safety Measures and Regulations

Safety is a top priority when conducting controlled burns. Oklahoma Forestry Services recommends monitoring the fire and the weather conditions throughout the process to ensure safety and control.

Conclusion

Controlled and prescribed burns are an essential tool in Oklahoma’s wildfire prevention strategy. By reducing excess vegetation, they help decrease the risk of devastating wildfires, protect homes, and improve the health of local ecosystems. When conducted safely and with the right preparation, burns can make a significant difference in the fight against wildfires.

Sources:

1. Oklahoma Forestry Services: https://ag.ok.gov/divisions/forestry-services/